The Impact of Divorce on Children - 1482 Words

The Impact of Divorce on Children Emily Grandy Abstract The discussion entitled The Impact of Divorce on Children takes an in-depth look at the impact divorce has on children academics. Research has shown that children that have experienced divorce amongst their parents are two times as likely to repeat a grade level. In addition research has discovered children of divorced parents are five times as likely to be expelled or suspended from the school system. College students in research surveys have confessed that being from divorced family have affected their relationship with their parents, and other personal activities. The impact of divorce is not all negative in concerns to a child or adolescences academic performance. The†¦show more content†¦Researchers Jessica L. Bulduc, Sandra L. Caron, Mary Ellin Logue (2007), stated â€Å"Children are likely to have problems if there is a high level of conflict between the parents whether they remain married or divorce. In these cases, it would be illogical to think that the divorce pe r se caused the problems† (p. 85). This hypothesis has been debated by many experimenters. One of these critics is Marriage, Family and Child Counselor Jessica St. Clair. Jessica St. Clair (2007), argues that â€Å"In the early months after a divorce, young children especially, are less imaginative, more repetitive and passive watchers. They tend to be more dependent, demanding, unaffectionate and disobedient than children from intact families†. The most significant discovery that was found in the Bulduc etl. Study was that cross-sectional approximations often exaggerate the damaging consequence of parental divorce. Components of Research Study The sample used in the study consisted of 17 college students. The total broke down to being 12 females and 5 males. All of the students were enrolled in a public institution in the northeast. The students had parents who had gone through the divorce process while they were in college. The age range for the students was 19 through 23 and the median of the ages being 21. The school status of theShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Children On Children With Divorce1115 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter understanding of my topic, and how to answer my question. 1.5 million children deal with divorce every year. Researchers have found that only a relatively small percentage of children experience severe problems in the wake of divorce. Also, they have found that most children, after the initial blow of divorce, only suffer for a short period of time. Many children experience short-term negative effects from divorce. For example some of the effects include: anxiety, anger, shock and disbelie fRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Divorce on Children1446 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce, once unheard of among most people, is now a commonplace occurrence in families when the adults have decided that they can no longer work out their differences. Unfortunately, divorce tends to have a negative impact on the children in the family, particularly affecting children who already have psychological or emotional difficulties, such as ADHD (Patten, 1999). Problems that arise in children of divorce run the gamut from behavioral problems to later relationship/trust issues. ChildrenRead MoreThe Impact of Divorce on Children Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagessociety that has perhaps one of the highest rates of divorce amongst all other industrial nations at a rate averaging around 40 to 50 percent. Of that staggering rate of divorce, 60 percent of those involve children. Because of this, more than one million children go through their parents’ divorce each year. Now, during this time of divorce a great focus seems to be drawn between the adults, but at what point should we wonder about the children? What changes and potential consequences are thrustRead MoreThe Impact Of Divorce On Children And Adolescents3582 Words   |  15 PagesImpact of Divorce on Children and Adolescents Yauheni Silitski Georgia Gwinnett College Stephan Desrochers Abstract In the following paper, the various consequential effects of divorce upon children and adolescents and their development will be examined. The main purpose of this review is to determine the effects of the effects of the growing epidemic of divorce, what is happening to our children when they confront the reality ofRead MoreEssay about The Impact of Divorce on Children1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Divorce on Children Divorce is the dissolution of a marriage that affects numerous people around the world. Divorce can be a heartbreaking process that affects not just the couple but their children also. I am going to be comparing the impact of divorce on children in context to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory. Individual The individual in this context is the child that is affected by the divorce of their parents. Studies show that divorce can affect a child’s social skills (KimRead MoreThe Impact Of Divorce On Children S Emotion844 Words   |  4 Pages Running head: THE IMPACT OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN’S EMOTION The Impact of Divorce on Children Emotion Lateefah Abiri Houston community College (Alief) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research paper is made actualized through the support from everyone that include my family, teacher, classmates, HCCS-Alief Library staff and the hardworking men and women that devote their time to changing mankind through research and dissemination. Especially, please allow me to dedicateRead MoreDivorce and Its Impact on Cpuples and Children Essay932 Words   |  4 Pages The term divorce is a legal term that denotes the separation of two individuals in a legal manner that was once connected to each other as a result of marriage. Divorce can be a lifetime separation between couples and can even be a limited time separation between couples. Recently, the world has witnessed a surge in the number of divorces taking place and the occurrence of this event is even at its peak in the United States. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported during the periodRead MoreThe Impact of Divorce on Young Children and Adolescents Essay3826 Words   |  16 Pages For the past decades, divorce has been increasing dramatically throughout the United States; it is a common issue in this society. Approximately one million children experience divorce or parental separation every year(Shinoda, Kevin Seiji, 2001, La Mirada, pg. 9). Acco rding the 2000 census data, about 28% of divorce or separated parents, have at least one children who is under age of 6(Kim Leon Jul., 2003 pg. 258). Also, slightly more than half of all divorced children are under the age of 18Read MoreThe Impact of Divorce on Children and Family Dynamics Essays2068 Words   |  9 Pagestwo decades divorce has increased substantially leaving couples single and families broken. Divorce is the reality for many families as there is an increase in divorce rates, cohabitation rates, and the number of children raised in step and single marital families. Divorce cannot be overlooked as it negatively affects and impacts youngsters for the rest of their lives. Although it is the decision between two parents’s children are hurt the most in the process. The concept of divorce is extremelyRead MoreHow Divorce Impacts Children Under the Age of 182153 Words   |  9 PagesHow Divorce Impacts Children Under the Age of 18 F. Jeanpierre Psychology Abstract In this research you will see how divorce impacts children under the age of 18.   The effects are not universal. Divorce affects children differently based on their age, personality and sexuality. Divorce affects children both mentally and physically. In this research, you will see how divorce can impact children immediately as well as post divorce. I will start with  infants,  preschool age children, school-aged

Music and Film Jaws (1975) Free Essays

An opaque dorsal fin slices through the water. Camera-point-of-view on a young man splashing in the distance. The fin submerges. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Film: Jaws (1975) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sound track cranks up a notch: Dum- Dum – Dum – Dum – Dum – Dum..! Bubbles, white foam, glimpses of something large and foreboding thrashing in the waves. The music increases in its intensity: Dum-Dum-Dum-Dum-Dum-Dum-Dum..!   A red mist of blood that fogs the water. The audience in the movie theatre screams hysterically. A severed limb floats lazily to the ocean floor below. The music trails off. Dun-Dun-Dun-Dun-Dun-Dun. There have only been a handful of movies produced which contain a soundtrack that is not only instantly recognizable, but where the music also plays such an integral part in the film itself. Jaws (1975) is such a film. The movie successfully tapped into several human fears of the unknown and translated these phobias into a highly entertaining film that doesn’t talk down to its audience, nor uses violence gratuitously to get its point across. Commented Director Steven Spielberg: â€Å"†¦I think one of the reasons I made â€Å"Jaws† was because I was afraid of the water before I read the Peter Benchley book, and therefore I was the perfect candidate to direct this picture, because I have a tremendous amount of anxiety about the sea. Not so much about swimming pools or small ponds, but certainly about the eternal sea. I have a lot of anxiety, and my main anxiety stems from not being able to see my feet when I’m treading water. And what’s down there with me, and who’s nibbling on my toes. And I know how to express my fear cinematically. I’ve always been good at that, and I thought when â€Å"Jaws† came along, well, I   already have a tremendous fear of the ocean, and certainly a fear of sharks, and so I went to [producers] Dick Zanuck and David Brown and volunteered myself to direct the adaptation from the Benchley book†¦Ã¢â‚¬    (Excerpts from Steven Spielberg Interview) Composer John Williams — while no stranger to sound tracks for television and film (he’d already won an Oscar as music producer in 1971 for Fiddler on the Roof) — was just beginning to hit his stride on a musical odyssey that would see his movie soundtracks crack the Billboard music charts and sells millions. Almost unheard of for instrumental compositions, let alone for movie soundtracks. Williams saw something unique in the Spielberg rough-cut. He viewed the film as more  of an adventure and less as a traditional horror film. Recalled Williams in a conversation  with film producer Laurent Bouzereau:  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦This is like a pirate movie! I think we need  pirate music for this, because there’s something primal about it — but it’s also fun and  entertaining†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Lindahl, pg1 ) As the legend goes, Williams was previewing proposed music for the film on his piano, playing the basic structure for Spielberg and Bousereau and hammering out the now famous bars of impending doom on his piano keys. Spielberg thought Williams was kidding. â€Å"dum, dum, dum-dum, dum-dum, dum-dum†   The rest as they say, is history: At first I began to laugh, and I thought, â€Å"John  has a great sense of humor!† But he was  Ã‚  serious — that was the theme for Jaws. So he  Ã‚  played it again and again, and suddenly it  seemed right. Sometimes the best ideas are  Ã‚  the most simple ones and John had found a  signature for the entire score†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  ( Lindahl, pg 1) Let it be said that the music in Jaws is effective because it’s not over used. By playing the Jaws theme only to foreshadow the presence of the shark, the music is much more effective. Several examples of this stand out. The music played in the scenes of families playing at the beach have an almost home town flavor to them. The music when the boats are setting out to capture the shark have a classical feel and one scene in particular – of a child playing in the water with a fake shark fin – has no music at all. Collectively, this contrast in musical styles plays to the audience’s advantage. They know in short order when they do hear the jaws theme that there’s no mistaking the fact that the shark is going to make an appearance. What is it about the movie Jaws and its music that sets it apart from so many other adventure and suspense films? Oddly enough, prior to the film’s premier there wasn’t a â€Å"genre’ for this type of film. Horror and suspense were considered â€Å"Category B or C†. In fact, after Jaws cracked 100 million dollars during its North American Box Office the genre of monster/animal/villain stalking its prey was firmly in place. Whose to say there’s not a little bit of Jaws in every film ranging from Rambo to Halloween? Certainly there are variations of John Williams film score in the above mentioned film and more. Stephen Spielberg has gone on record as saying that Jaws wouldn’t have been nearly as successful if it didn’t have the music it did. Plainly put, the music works. Would any other type of soundtrack so indelibly stamp an image on the subconscious of the  audience? Highly doubtful. The by-now famous â€Å"†¦dum, dum, dum-dum, dum-dum, dum-dum†¦Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"   creates an instant visual. But also serves as a metaphor for the shark’s excitement when it approaches its prey or when it approaches the boat of Robert Shaw. Critics can say what they will regarding John Williams score for Jaws. As a â€Å"piece of music† it is not the kind of score that allows for listening while lying down on the coach for example. It is music that conjures up images. There are several suites — if the term can be freely used – that showcase Williams versatility as a scorer of music and as a producer who knows how to grab his audience by the collar. When it comes to music that creates a sense of suspense and hysteria the loaded â€Å"Shark Cage Fugue† bears listening to more than once. Similar treatment is due â€Å"The Great Shark Chase† and the nearly five minutes long â€Å"Man Against Beast†, where renditions of the familiar theme appears and disappears, interwoven with the theme associated with the actual shark hunting. However, Williams’ use of Quint’s â€Å"sailor song† as a recurring theme is used to great effect as a vehicle to mark the captain’s inner resolution and character. He sings it when he is in a good mood, or when he needs to conjure up his muse: â€Å"†¦Farewell and a-do to you fair Spanish ladies, farewell and a-do to you ladies in Spain†¦Ã¢â‚¬    Williams interweaves this ditty at crucial parts of the film. Most notably when his ship â€Å"The Orca† is floundering and ready to sink. The shark is waiting â€Å"out there† somewhere and Quint is running out of luck. The music again — in this case not even the theme — is used to great effect. On a more technical note, it would be impossible to discuss the impact of the Jaws soundtrack on the film, without exploring how the music itself was packaged and made available to the public as a marketing tool. Andrew Drannon provides a valuable perspective on the issued soundtrack for Jaws, as well as an astute track by track breakdown of the music on it’s latest re-issue. Drannon mentions that the original Jaws score exists in three recordings: The original LP and a 1992 CD re-issue feature about half an hour of music that Williams rearranged and re-recorded for the sole purposes of the album, and this was for a long time the only available music from the picture. Drannon delves further into the music, saying: â€Å"†¦Film score collectors have been historically  Ã‚   quite adamant in their demands for complete releases of soundtracks, namely for the scores of John Williams, which so often leave out highlights of the music and place them into confusing suites.  To some, this may seem a bit unneeded, due to the fact that the original 35-minute LP album featured a great majority of the score, with a few of the shorter cues actually expanded into suites. Still, for the 25th anniversary of the film, Decca saw fit to rescue  the entire musical work, minus the album expansions for a 51-minute CD release. Fans will be elated due to the inclusion of almost 30 minutes of new material, including fantastic cues not used in the film, which make up for the loss of the infamous original album developments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Andrew Drannon pg 1) The final re-issue presents the jaws soundtrack into a more cohesive listening experience. Years after the film made its debut in theatres, after countless showings on television, after a Jaws Fest even, the music ha become an institution. There have been only a handful of films where the music has much such an impact: the James Bond franchise, Enrico Morricone with â€Å"The Good, The Bad and The Ugly, and possibly the Indiana Jones series. But none make the blood curl, create a knot in one’s stomach and send a chill up the spine like John Williams soundtrack for the original summer blockbuster, Jaws. References: Spielberg, Steven. Interview excerpts, Jaws 30th Anniversary Special Edition DVD linear notes, 2005 Lindahl, Andreas. Scoreviews.Com. Internet article. pg 1 1998 Ibid. pg 1 Drannon, Andrew. Decca Music Group Sound Tracks Review: Jaws 25th Anniversary Edition. Internet article. pg 1. 2000 How to cite Music and Film: Jaws (1975), Essay examples

Social Contract and Legitimacy Theory in Accounting †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Social Contract and Legitimacy Theory in Accounting. Answer: Introduction The report comprehensively examines the relationship between the Legitimacy Theory and the Social Contract Theory. In regards, several research findings indicate that Legitimacy theory dictates that businesses have an obligation to stand by the norms of the society it operates in. The social contract theory, on the other hand, stipulates the responsibilities of both parties towards stabilizing the commitments in the contract. Also, relevant information obtained from the research show that a positive correlation relationship exists between CSR disclosure and the performance of the corporations. Conversely, organizations are obliged take into perspective the vast eminence of their management in regards to the process, people and the character of and the extent of their impact on the society in a range of dimensions (Beaulieu, 2006). Simply put, organizations needs to identify its respective roles in the community and put into practice necessary responsible, legal, ethical, and social s tandards. The research was embedded on firms operation and the relationship between the services and the society. The Legitimacy theory is an active channel through which the concept of Social Contract can be examined, and the paper aims at integrating the most central issues about the topic. Legitimacy theory Legitimacy is a supposition designed that indicates the actions of an entity are proper, attractive and suitable within specific communally organized systems of definitions beliefs, values or norms. Consequently, the theory of legitimacy holds that for firms to maintain its relevancy and enhance its existence, they should comply by way of upholding a societys structure of norms and values. Simply put, for an organization to remain relevant, it must act to stay legitimate in the eyes of those it considers can affect legitimacy. One way through which this can be achieved is through voluntarily disclosing social and ecological information in corporate yearly reports. The reports content was centrally embedded on exploring new ideas and establishing new relationships with variables considered significant in the legitimacy theory (Omran Ramdhony, 2015). In relation, the report emphases that legitimacy theory provides useful insights to the topic of study. Another study was found on the subject which shed light on the theory. Subsequently, this was a cross examination of the years 1983-1997 of the corporate social and environmental disclosures of BHP. A test of Legitimacy theory was conducted to examine the social as well as environmental disclosures of a large Australian company. The idea of the study was to evaluate whether the social and the environmental disclosures of the company could be explain through the use of legitimacy theory and social contract (Rossi, 2014). Thus, this study unveiled that there exist a positive correlation between community concern and the companys disclosures in the annual report. A further analysis of the study revealed that negative media attention was dealt by management by releasing positive social and environmental information. Literature Review Organizations need to be transparent and accountable; this can be backed up with several arrays of arguments that have been used by severalaccounting scholars in support of the same. According to Lehman, the primary responsibility of a moral obligation is to provide additional information in publishedaccounting reports, this, however, is not for additional details and guidelines. Also, he suggested that the inclusion of environmental details is paramount and hence should be justified. In relation, if firms disregard the terms of the social contract that aims at enhancing the welfare of the society, they are to be charged with moral condemnation from the community itself. However, this act is not necessarily a threat to manipulate the firm so as to reform their actions. Consequently, the most effective strategy through which the one can certify that the provisions of the social contract are exclusively carried out is through having the conditions enforced (Chiu Wang, 2015). In most c ases, the enforcement is provided by the state. On the one hand, the fairness theory and political obligation point out that an organization is as much a citizen as well as it is in an individual. In this case, cooperations are diverse legal entities and their legal authority suggests that they hold more authority than any other citizen in regards to the activities of the state. Also, although organizations may not necessarily vote, their authority is particularly dominant in the political arena and consequently affects quality of lives and the general well-being of many people. This concept has remained open for endless debate on the topic. Several theories justify the political obligations of citizens. Examples are frequently based on gratitude advocated for by Simmons, utilitarianism by Bentham and the general will of Rousseau (Tilt Lubansky, 1999). The theory of political obligation is linked to the topic of study in that it considers the principles of fairness and it is also a alternative of the social contract theory. Subsequently, in social contract theory, a legal contract is used so as to limit political authority or in which political obligations are analyzed as a contractual requirement. The fairness principle is considered a version of the social contract theory due to the fact that it takes into accountability the extensive contribution of the two parties to the contract. In this case, a party may either be a firm or the state which in as a consequence of the combined enterprise set up by citizens provide definite potential remuneration. One objection to the theory is embedded challenges that are identical to all social contracts theories. Subsequently, this shows that few citizens meet necessary commitment levels. Relatively, other objections center on the challenge of defining the receipt of the potential profit by the people with no commitment whom can be held accountable so as to create obligations. Subsequently, it can be synthesized through the use of the theory of justice and in relation support the principle of fairness. Environmental accounting as well as Social can be justified on substantial basis such as justice or fairness and moral obligations; however, the power distribution in the community consequently allows organizations to ignore their obligations with no impending consequence (Casey Grenier, 2014). Therefore, it is only state regulations that can obtain the intended results. Subsequently, environmental laws are permissible on the foundations of moral duties and fairness. Also, there are arguments based on social accountability that are embedded on duty or the public and the rights of the community rights to basic information used to justify regulations by the state. Similarly, the moral duty which is normally at logger heads with our wish is often one that we appear to be most informed about (Prez, 2015). Through the ideas described in fairness theory, it can be justified that has the right to enforce taxation laws. Consequently, it does not issue the people who are liable to taxation t he right to withhold any form of imbursement. Also, even if one disagrees with the proposed used of the taxation money; he or she ill obliged to contribute to the maintenance of the enterprise. Simply put, the obligation one has remained intact regardless of the disapproval. This section of the paper will comprehensively analyze thought on Legitimacy Theory in precisely what is considered Social and Environmental Accounting. Consequently, Legitimacy theory has continued to be one of the most viral cited theories within the context environmental accounting area and of social dynamics. However, deep skepticism exists amongst several scholars that offer real insight into voluntary disclosures of corporations. Through analyzing recent developments in management and accounting literature on legitimacy important concepts can be deducted (Fernando Lawrence, 2014). It is important to highlight that the theory of the legitimacy does offer an important channel for understanding voluntary environmental and social disclosure organized by organizations. In connection, the knowledge will provide tools used to engage in critical public debate. The problem attached to the theory, however, is that the term has on many occasions used somewhat loosely. The failure to adeq uately specify the theory defines the common state of affairs which states that that many researchers will employ the concept of legitimacy, however, relatively few of them define exactly what it means (Alrazi, de Villiers van Staden, 2015). Additionally, the continuous dialogue around the environmental and social accounting literature helps to define the understanding of the Legitimacy theory. Another important issue to untangle is that there are two streams of legitimacy theory. The two streams are a macro theory of legitimacy which deals with how an organizational structure gains acceptance from the society. In regards to the same, institutionalization and legitimacy are considered virtually synonymous. This is attributed to the fact that both phenomena empower organizations through instilling meaningful and natural concepts. In the current operational environment, including the capitalist structure and the democratic government, it can be utilized as a static context in which t he research is embedded. The theory of Legitimacy suggests that disclosures by the CSR are linked to the procedure of legitimization; on the other hand, a theory referred to as the stakeholder theory offers explanations of accountability to stakeholders. Subsequently, this defines the nature of Legitimacy Theory as one which is suitable for organizations that are based in developed countries. Subsequently, the stakeholder theory is more applicable in organizations working in developing countries. The theory of Social Contract is more applicable in emerged or developed economies; CSR disclosure hence exists as a result of an inherent social contract between the society and business. Consequently, this dictates some indirect obligations of business towards the society it operates around (Cheng, et al., 2014). The research on environmental and social disclosures has continuously flourished in the past several years with reporting on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The information obtained is considered a n asset complementing financial reporting to so as to reduce information asymmetry. It is also noticeable that not all theories that are applicable to voluntary reporting literature can be effectively used to indefinitely examine environmental and social reporting. Different types of information target different audience or users, an example include the strategic and financial information that are set for use by investors (Kuruppu Milne, 2014). In connection, the theory to be used should be embedded in the information disclosed section. Also, environmental and social information is by far arguably considered non-financial in nature. Social responsibilities in this context imply the responsibility of a businessman to pursue set policies, make decisions or to follow lines of actions considered desirable in regards to the objectives and the values of the society. Conversely, social responsibility also incorporates the economic, ethical, legal and expectations that the society expects from the organizations at a certain time (Ortas, Gallego?Alvarez lvarez , 2015). CSR deals with the techniques through which firms manage their business operations so as to provide results that are beneficial to the society. The interests of an organization must, therefore, be embedded on the interests of the customer, stakeholders, employees, community and the environmental considerations in several aspects of its operations. There are six chief initiatives through which CSR activities generate positive impacts on the firm: Corporations provide finances through corporate resources used to build awareness for social cause and volunteer recruitment for a cause Organizations donate a proportion of revenue to a specific cause that is embedded on the products sales Organizations advocate for the expansion or execution of a behavior change drive that aims at improving health, safety, and the environment as well as the community well-being Corporations add the quality of charity which is enacted in the form of cash donations and services Firms support retail partners or franchise members that volunteer time to support the local community organizations and the causes Finally, organizations also take part in the adoption and conduct business practices that support social causes that aim at improving the communitys well-being through protecting the environment Many researchers assert that Legitimacy Theory is embedded on the ideology that there exists a social contract between two parties, that is, an organization and the society in which it operates (Cheng, et al., 2014). As a result, organizations will try to legally legitimize its operations through the use of CSR reporting so as to get secure approval from the society, commonly examined under the societal approach, hence stabilizing the continuous existence. Most scholars define the social contract is a representation of myriad of expectations which dictate the societys expectations on how an organization should conduct itself (van, 2014). Consequently, legitimacy theory upholds the ideology that for corporations to maintain operating effectively, it should confine itself within the norms of socially responsible behavior. The authenticity of an organization will exclusively depend on the maintenance of the mutual relationships with its relevant stakeholders (Tilling, 2004). Accordingly , this is credited to the fact that the firm has obligations which include moral obligations to a wide range of stakeholders. In regards, CSR reporting has remained a central administration tool in the mounting complication of the concept of multinational business management. CSR also helps in integrating CSR activities into respective firms strategic risks management so that the impact can be minimized. One of the factors that impact employees decisions on where to work is the perception concerning how the company manages its tasks. As a result, publication of sustainability information is central in placing of a firm as a potential employer. In regards, the status enhances loyalty, reduce staff turnover and increases the potentiality of the organization to not only attract but also retain effective employees (Bonsn Bednrov, 2015). CSR activities and its disclosure, advance corporate performance and such there exists a positive relationship between financial performance and also t he CSR performance. One way through which this is attained is that CSR disclosure increases the admission to capital and shareholder values through fulfilling the expectations of the stakeholders. A new trend is also on the rise; now, investors choose to personally invest in firms that demonstrate high levels of CSR. Conclusion In summary, disclosures by CSR are central machinery that can be used to develop the potential effects of CSR on the repute of a corporation and also in signaling an improved social and environmental conduct. Research has proved that there exist a positive relationship between CSR disclosures and the reputation of a corporate which is embedded on a stakeholder approach (Panwar, Hansen Kozak, 2014). Relatively, Social Contract theory thinking based its historical precedence enacted in Rousseau, Locke and Hobbes. The theory also examines the company and society relationship from a theoretical contemplation. Consequently, an implicit social contract exists between the society and business and that the contract is categorically recognized as a form of indirect responsibility of the business towards the community. The societal approach is presented as a response to the varying conditions and the new corporate problems previously not witnessed such as the CSR. The concepts of social variables, social equity, and net social contributions include some of the most important concepts to be defined. Social components differ in terms of the social groups to which the company is supposed to be bound by the social contract. On the other hand, the net social contribution of an organization is the exclusive aggregation of the non-market contribution towards the general welfare of the society (Tilt Lubansky, 1999). As of the papers findings, social contract theory is most suitable in an emerged economy in which individuals can direct the available scarce resources to the most appropriate uppermost esteemed use and the government is limited in its effective end with no distortion of taxes. In this case, the worth of the money is conventional. References Alrazi, B., de Villiers, C., van Staden, C. J. (2015). A comprehensive literature review on, and the construction of a framework for, environmental legitimacy, accountability and proactivity. Journal of Cleaner Production, 102, 44-57. Beaulieu, S. (2006). Legitimation processes: an unavoidable component of CSR. Organizational Legitimacy, Visibility and the Antecedents of Corporate Social Performance. 32 Content analysis of sustainable development annual reports of CAC 40 French firms............. 34, 30. Bonsn, E., Bednrov, M. (2015). CSR reporting practices of Eurozone companies. Revista de Contabilidad, 18(2), 182-193. Burlea, A. S., Popa, I. (2013). Legitimacy Theory. In Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 1579-1584). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Casey, R. J., Grenier, J. H. (2014). Understanding and contributing to the enigma of corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance in the United States. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, 34(1), 97-130. Chan, M. C., Watson, J., Woodliff, D. (2014). Corporate governance quality and CSR disclosures. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(1), 59-73. Chelli, M., Durocher, S., Richard, J. (2014). France's new economic regulations: insights from institutional legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 27(2), 283-316. Cheng, M., Green, W., Conradie, P., Konishi, N., Romi, A. (2014). The international integrated reporting framework: key issues and future research opportunities. Journal of International Financial Management Accounting, 25(1), 90-119. Chiu, T. K., Wang, Y. H. (2015). Determinants of social disclosure quality in Taiwan: an application of stakeholder theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(2), 379-398. Clegg, S. R., Kornberger, M., Pitsis, T. (2015). Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. Deegan, C. (2014). An overview of legitimacy theory as applied within the social and environmental accounting literature. Sustainability accounting and accountability, 248-272. Fernando, S., Lawrence, S. (2014). A theoretical framework for CSR practices: integrating legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory and institutional theory. Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research, 10(1), 149-178. Frynas, J. G., Stephens, S. (2015). Political corporate social responsibility: Reviewing theories and setting new agendas. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17(4), 483-509. Kuruppu, S., Milne, M. (2014). Managing reputation and maintaining legitimacy: Understanding a companys responses to sustainability. Working paper, University of Canterbury, NZ. Omran, M. A., Ramdhony, D. (2015). Theoretical perspectives on corporate social responsibility disclosure: a critical review. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 5(2), 38-55. Ortas, E., lvarez, I., Jaussaud, J., Garayar, A. (2015). The impact of institutional and social context on corporate environmental, social and governance performance of companies committed to voluntary corporate social responsibility initiatives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 673-684. Ortas, E., Gallego?Alvarez, I., lvarez Etxeberria, I. (2015). Financial factors influencing the quality of corporate social responsibility and environmental management disclosure: A quantile regression approach. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 22(6), 362-380. Panwar, R., Hansen, E., Kozak, R. (2014). Evaluating social and environmental issues by integrating the legitimacy gap with expectational gaps: An empirical assessment of the forest industry. Business Society, 53(6), 853-875. Prez, A. (2015). Corporate reputation and CSR reporting to stakeholders: Gaps in the literature and future lines of research. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 20(1), 11-29. Ridley-Duff, R., Bull, M. (2015). Understanding social enterprise: Theory and practice. Sage. Rossi, E. (2014). Legitimacy, Democracy and Public Justification: Rawls Political Liberalism Versus Gaus Justificatory Liberalism. Res Publica, 20(1), 9-25. Tilling, M. V. (2004). Some thoughts on legitimacy theory in social and environmental accounting. Social and Environmental Accountability Journal, 24(2), 3-7. Tilt, C., Lubansky, G. (1999). The political obligations of corporations: justifying a role for the state in enforcing accountability. van Bommel, K. (2014). Towards a legitimate compromise? An exploration of integrated reporting in the Netherlands. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 27(7), 1157-1189.

Railroads Effect Chicago Essays - Chicago, William B. Ogden

Railroads Effect Chicago annon The nation network of railroads laid from 1848 through the Civil War, and the steam powered locomotives that traversed them, supplied Chicago with vast new markets, resources, and people who quickly transformed it from a quiet Frontier village into a highly populated industrial powerhouse. The Chicago of 1830 was hardly a city at all. Fort Dearborn located near the fork of what is now the Chicago River was bogged down with mud and tormented by disease and Indian wars. By the 1833 when the city was incorporated, a warehouse, dry good's store, and hotel had all been built. William B. Ogden, the first mayor of Chicago was also the first to attempt to give Chicago a railroad. He chartered the Galena and Chicago Railroad in 1836, but it collapsed with the economic disaster of 1837 (Berger 3). Ogden tried again in 1846, and on October 22, 1848 Chicago's first locomotive, Pioneer, was loaded onto the tracks (Casey, Douglas 59). In retrospect, Pioneer turned out to be a fitting name for the city's first train, because by 1866 there were more than forty railroads serving Chicago and the city's population had skyrocketed to just under 300,000. There were many problems that needed to be resolved starting in the 1830s, before a railroad could become a versatile enough to be a cost effective carrier of freight and people. The nation's original tracks had been built mainly of wood, although cheaper than iron, it was quickly decided that iron's durability was well worth the extra cost. Another development was the placement of ballas, or pebbles, that covered the bottom of the tracks and added weight and stability along with drainage to the tracks. Also, the trains were known to collide head on into grazing animals. The problem lay in how to keep the animal from being pulled under the train and causing it to derail. This answer came with the placement of a hood plate on the front of the locomotive so that whatever hit the train would be pushed harmlessly in front of it and could later be cleared without endangering the train. Other major safety issues found solutions with the utilization of lights and horns (Gordon 27-33). By 1848, when Chicago was ready to start building railroads, the technology had already been developed enough to conduct real business. Charters for railroads leading to Chicago soon began to pour in. After the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad was completed shortly after 1853, it merged with the Chicago and Northwestern Railway which began its long march to Greenbay WI. Soon came the Illinois Central, the Chicago Rock Island and Pacific, and the Chicago Burlington and Quincy. Many more came and connected Chicago to nearly every part of the US (Gordon 151). If one looked at a map of all the major trunk lines that stretched over the United States, he would see a wheel with Chicago as the hub (Berger 22). The busy development of all these new railroads furnished the developing Chicago with huge markets, to both the east and the west. Chicago's destiny as center of industry was set, but it would still take some time for Chicago to take advantage of its potential. The first of the markets was the ever-expanding frontier with its agricultural surplus that lay to the west and north of Chicago. In the frontier, a town's distance from a railroad determined what its cost for trade and travel would be. To minimize these costs, new cities and farms popped up very close to the railroads (Martin 81). Train loads of New Englanders came to these new villages in search of the free homesteads that they saw in newspaper advertisements and pamphlets back home. These men and women became the farmers who ended up producing surplus crops which they desired to sell (Gordon 35). According to Mayer, as they looked for their most profitable course of action, their goal was a destination with the most choices of routes, the highest competition, and therefore the lowest rates (Growth 122). With connections to many of the nation's railways, Chicago marked the spot to the farmers of the West. Chicago was the perfect outlet to sell their heavy and relatively inexpensive crops. The railroads in Chicago had laid the foundation for its success limited only to the ingenuity of the capitalistic market. To the east lay Chicago's second market, New England. By the 1850s, this region was industrialized and was producing vast quantities of manufactured goods. Facing much the same dilemma as the West, New England realized that Chicago was a perfect

Compound Sentence Worksheet for ESL Students

Compound Sentence Worksheet for ESL Students There are three types of sentences in English: simple, compound and complex. This worksheet focuses on writing compound sentences and is ideal for lower-intermediate classes. Teachers can feel free to print out this page to use in class. Compound Sentences- What are They? Compound sentences are made up of two simple sentences connected by a coordinating conjunction. A great way to remember  conjunctions is FANBOYS: F - For: reasonsA - And: addition/next actionN - Nor: not one or the otherB - But: contrasting and unexpected resultsO - Or: choices and conditionsY - Yet: contrasting and unexpected resultsS - So: actions taken   Here are some example compound sentences: Tom arrived home. Then, he ate dinner. - Tom arrived home and ate dinner. We studied many hours for the test. We didnt pass the test. - We studied many hours for the test, but we didnt pass it. Peter doesnt need to buy a new car. He also doesnt need to go on vacation. - Peter doesnt need to buy a new car, nor does he need to go on vacation. Conjunction Use in Compound Sentences Conjunctions are used for different purposes in sentences. A comma is always placed before the conjunction. Here are the main uses of the FANBOYS: Addition/Next Action and And is used as a coordinating conjunction to show that something is in addition to something else. Another use of and is to show that one action follows another.   Addition: Tom enjoys playing tennis, and he likes cooking.Next Action: We drove home, and we went to bed. Opposition- Contrasting or Showing  Unexpected Results but/yet Both but and yet are used to contrast pros and cons or show unexpected results.   Pros and cons of a situation:  We wanted to visit our friends, but we didnt have enough money to get a flight.Unexpected results: Janet did very well on her job interview, yet she didnt get the position. Effect/Cause- So/For Confusing these two coordinating conjunctions is easy. So expresses a result based on a reason. For provides the reason. Consider the following sentences:   I need some money. I went to the bank. The result of needing money is that I went to the bank. In this case, use so. I needed some money, so I went to the bank. The reason I went to the bank is because I needed money. In this case, use for. I went to the bank, for I needed some money. Effect - Mary needed some new clothing, so she went shopping.Cause - They stayed home for the holiday, for they had to work. Choice Between Two or We thought we might go to see a film, or we might have dinner out.Angela said she might buy him a watch, or she might give him a gift certificate. Conditions or You should study a lot for the test, or you wont pass. If you dont study a lot for the test, you wont pass.   Not One nor the Other nor We wont be able to visit our friends, nor will they be able to visit us this summer.Sharon isnt going to the conference, nor is she going to present there. NOTE: Notice how when using nor the sentence structure is inverted. In other words, after nor, place the helping verb before the subject. Compound Sentence Worksheet Use FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) to write one compound sentence using the two simple sentences. Peter drove to visit his friend. They went out for dinner. - Show  a sequence of eventsMary thinks she should go to school. She wants to get qualifications for a new profession. -  Provide a reasonAlan invested a lot of money in the business. The business went bankrupt. -  Show an unexpected resultDoug didnt understand the homework assignment. He asked the teacher for help. -  Show an action taken based on a reasonThe students didnt prepare for the test. They didnt realize how important the test was. -  Give a reasonSusan thinks she should stay home and relax. She also thinks she should go on vacation. -  Show additional informationThe doctors looked at the x-rays. They decided to operate on the patient. -  Show an action taken based on a reasonWe went out on the town. We came home late. -  Show a sequence of eventsJack flew to London to visit his Uncle. He also wanted to visit the National Museum. -  Show additionIt is sunny. It is very cold. -  Show a contrastHe nry studied very hard for the test. He passed with high marks. -  Provide a reason I would like to play tennis today. If I dont play tennis, I would like to play golf. -  Give a choiceWe needed some food for the week. We went to the supermarket. -  Show an action taken based on a reasonTom asked his teacher for help. He also asked his parents for help. -  Show additionJanet doesnt like sushi. She doesnt like any kind of fish. -  Show that Susan doesnt like either sushi or fishPeter drove to visit his friend, and they went out for dinner.Mary thinks she should go to school, for she wants to get qualifications for a new profession.Alan invested a lot of money in the business, but the business went bankrupt.Doug didnt understand the homework assignment, so he asked the teacher for help.The students didnt prepare for the test, nor did they realize how important the test was.Susan thinks she should stay home and relax, or she should go on vacation.The doctors looked at the x-rays, so they decided to operate on the patient.We went out on the town, and we came hom e late.Jack flew to London to visit his Uncle, and to visit the National Museum. It is sunny, but it is very cold.Henry studied very hard for the test, so passed with high marks.I would like to play tennis today, or I would like to play golf.We needed some food for the week, so We went to the supermarket.Tom asked his teacher for help, and he asked his parents.Janet doesnt like sushi, nor does she like any kind of fish. Other variations are possible than those provided in the answers.  Ask your teacher  for other ways to connect these to write compound sentences.

A Fans View on Angelina Jolie

She is a person of admiration. Which is known globally with partner Brad Pitt has adopted children from Africa. In my view, many people may not be able to do the same. She is a very assertive and open. She is a member of the charitable foundation that provides assistance to all who need it. Although very popular, not so presumptuous as all stars. It behaves as if the world outside of the show. Angelina Jolie is a film actress and television. Born in Los Angeles in 1975. Throughout her career she has received numerous awards for his acting achievements, including an Academy Award and three Golden Globes is considered one of the sexiest women in the world and this is the focus of the entertainment press. In mid-2009, Angelina Jolie was ranked first in the list of Forbes magazine among the highest paid actresses in Hollywood, according to data released by the publication. It has three biological children with her partner, fellow actor, Brad Pitt. In 2001 he was appointed ambassador to the United Nations, actively participating with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Angelina uses its popularity to the media attention devoted to the case of refugees and the terrible conditions in which they live. She has visited many refugee camps and centers in countries like Tanzania, Cambodia, Pakistan, Namibia, Thailand and Ecuador. For his charitable work has been awarded grants humanitarian immigration program for refugees and Church World Service. Angelina Jolie and partner Brad Pitt have donated a million dollars each to two organizations dedicated to helping the disadvantaged, Global Action for Children and Doctors Without Borders. The organization provides aid in nearly 60 countries to people whose survival is threatened by violence, neglect, or catastrophe, primarily due to armed conflict, epidemics, malnutrition, exclusion from health care, or natural disasters, for emergency medical assistance to help victims of the Haiti earthquake. Asked what she hoped to accomplish meeting with refugees and internally displaced persons in more than 20 countries, she stated, â€Å"Awareness of the plight of these people. I think they should be commended for what they have survived, not looked down upon. † (Jolie 2003). As seen in previous paragraphs Angelina Jolie is a very bold and sociable. she has always shown love to everyone around the world an example of some publications that are published on the Facebook page: â€Å"On World Humanitarian Day we remember the aid workers who have lost their lives in the line of duty and we honor the extraordinary courage and dedication of humanitarian workers around the world,† she wrote. â€Å"I had the honor and the pleasure of meeting one of these brave individuals before his murder during a visit to Pakistan, where I witnessed first-hand the incredible devotion of a very kind and gentle man. His name was Mr. Zill-e-Usman. † (Jolie 2012) Angelina Jolie has spent many years helping the poor. The actress feels very fortunate to work as a member of UNHCR and refugees. According to the couple of Brad Pitt said about this: â€Å"It is true that they are the most vulnerable in the world, but paradoxically also the most resistant. They are survivors who have been forced to leave their homes and go without any possession thousands of miles to seek a better life. † (Jolie 2012) No doubt this woman is an example for many people who only care about the physical appearance and not help others. A Fans View on Angelina Jolie She is a person of admiration. Which is known globally with partner Brad Pitt has adopted children from Africa. In my view, many people may not be able to do the same. She is a very assertive and open. She is a member of the charitable foundation that provides assistance to all who need it. Although very popular, not so presumptuous as all stars. It behaves as if the world outside of the show. Angelina Jolie is a film actress and television. Born in Los Angeles in 1975. Throughout her career she has received numerous awards for his acting achievements, including an Academy Award and three Golden Globes is considered one of the sexiest women in the world and this is the focus of the entertainment press. In mid-2009, Angelina Jolie was ranked first in the list of Forbes magazine among the highest paid actresses in Hollywood, according to data released by the publication. It has three biological children with her partner, fellow actor, Brad Pitt. In 2001 he was appointed ambassador to the United Nations, actively participating with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Angelina uses its popularity to the media attention devoted to the case of refugees and the terrible conditions in which they live. She has visited many refugee camps and centers in countries like Tanzania, Cambodia, Pakistan, Namibia, Thailand and Ecuador. For his charitable work has been awarded grants humanitarian immigration program for refugees and Church World Service. Angelina Jolie and partner Brad Pitt have donated a million dollars each to two organizations dedicated to helping the disadvantaged, Global Action for Children and Doctors Without Borders. The organization provides aid in nearly 60 countries to people whose survival is threatened by violence, neglect, or catastrophe, primarily due to armed conflict, epidemics, malnutrition, exclusion from health care, or natural disasters, for emergency medical assistance to help victims of the Haiti earthquake. Asked what she hoped to accomplish meeting with refugees and internally displaced persons in more than 20 countries, she stated, â€Å"Awareness of the plight of these people. I think they should be commended for what they have survived, not looked down upon. † (Jolie 2003). As seen in previous paragraphs Angelina Jolie is a very bold and sociable. she has always shown love to everyone around the world an example of some publications that are published on the Facebook page: â€Å"On World Humanitarian Day we remember the aid workers who have lost their lives in the line of duty and we honor the extraordinary courage and dedication of humanitarian workers around the world,† she wrote. â€Å"I had the honor and the pleasure of meeting one of these brave individuals before his murder during a visit to Pakistan, where I witnessed first-hand the incredible devotion of a very kind and gentle man. His name was Mr. Zill-e-Usman. † (Jolie 2012) Angelina Jolie has spent many years helping the poor. The actress feels very fortunate to work as a member of UNHCR and refugees. According to the couple of Brad Pitt said about this: â€Å"It is true that they are the most vulnerable in the world, but paradoxically also the most resistant. They are survivors who have been forced to leave their homes and go without any possession thousands of miles to seek a better life. † (Jolie 2012) No doubt this woman is an example for many people who only care about the physical appearance and not help others.

Marc Chagalls Blue House Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marc Chagalls Blue House - Essay Example The essay "Marc Chagall’s Blue House" explores Marc Chagall’s "Blue House". One of the modernists describes the process of painting as an attempt â€Å"to make visible that there is something which can be conceived and which can neither be seen nor made visible†. This â€Å"something that can be conceived but not seen nor made visible† is often referred to as the sublime, a quality of transcendent greatness â€Å"with which nothing else can be compared and which is beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement or imitation†. The presence of this sublime element, then, inspires the imagination in a specific direction based on which elements remain visible or understandable. Its significance is in the way in which it brings attention to the uncertainty of meaning inherent in the work, such that no resolution makes itself apparent. To understand how this untouchable element can be communicated through visual art, Marc Chagall’s oil painting â€Å"Blue House†, currently on display at the Museum of Fine Arts in Liege, Belgium, will be analyzed as an example. This â€Å"something that can be conceived but not seen nor made visible† is often referred to as the sublime, a quality of transcendent greatness â€Å"with which nothing else can be compared and which is beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement or imitation†. The presence of this sublime element, then, inspires the imagination in a specific direction based on which elements remain visible or understandable. It brings attention to the uncertainty.... e is also in a state of dilapidation that would make it completely unsuitable to live in as the roof does not seem structurally sound with large gaping holes in places, the boards are falling off the doorframes and windows and the very walls themselves seem be about to come disconnected. Despite its apparent abandonment, a small path remains leading down into the valley which is divided nearly down the middle by a small, concrete-grey river. This river marks the division point in the content of the painting as it helps to distinguish between the two sides of the valley floor. On the side nearest the house, the valley seems to be relatively desolate, with large dry areas and wild, new, light green grassy areas. On the other side of the river, though, there are dark green cultivated fields standing before a great city standing on the hill at the other side of the valley. The city is full of large white and red-tinged buildings, some of them long and blocky and others tall with spires. Some have red roofs and others have blue roofs, but all seem crammed together and, as a group, they block out the horizon. This city appears to have a wall around its base, separating it from the fields before it and protecting it from the unassuming opposition. All of this is depicted under a grey and somewhat threatening sky, which contributes to the dead grey of the river and gives an impression that there is smoke emerging from the top of the blue house's back chimney. With its emphasis on the long view, the painting immediately seems to be a landscape. This is mostly thanks to the concentration of the house and faraway city and view of the valley between (His, 1936: 30). There is a sense of overpowering nature involved in that the city must be protected even from its own

EBP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EBP - Assignment Example This paper presents a table of evidence drawn from EBP studies. For each journal article reviewed, it is summarized under the headings shown in the table below. For decades, psychiatrists have used psycho-dynamically-driven interventions to deal with a variety of mental disorders in children and adolescents. However, there had been no meta-analyses to evaluate how effective these therapies are, hence the need for the study (Abbass, Rabung, & Midgley, 2013). The study involved 186 cancer patients and 117 of their partners at the Oncology and Hematology clinic of a University hospital. ANOVAs were used to analyze temporal change and group effects among people with POI and those without. For patients with high levels of distress, it was difficult to conclude of the effectiveness of POI as these patients received additional POI. For moderately stressed patients, POI, as effected in Switzerland, do not improve the well-being of those patients. The study concluded that there was the need for further studies involving more intense POI interventions (Barth, Delfino, &Kunzler, 2013) The study set out to establish whether or not cancer patients showed improvement in their goal adjustment capabilities while receiving psychosocial care(Zhu, Ranchor, Lee, Garssen, &Sanderman, 2015). It further sought to establish whether there was a relationship between those increases and changes in the symptoms of fatigue, anxiety and depression. The study involved 241 cancer patients under psychosocial care at a psycho-oncology facility in the Netherlands. The researchers collected data before the start of the psychosocial care and nine months later. The researchers then used hierarchical regression analysis to analyze the data. Scholars have studied the effectiveness of the International Child Development Programme (ICDP) for the general population in the short-run. This

The ways in which the character of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are revealed through the time Essay Example for Free

The ways in which the character of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are revealed through the time Essay Describe and illustrate the ways in which the character of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are revealed from the time that Lady Macbeth receives her husbands letter in Act I, up to the murder of Duncan, paying attention to the differences between them. Critics have often referred to the character of Macbeth in the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, as a tragic hero and a man who is, except for his ambition, noble in nature. This noble nature is brought out in his moral sense of duties and loyalty to the king. The audience/reader learns of his brave and valiant position as a soldier, particularly valuable on the battlefield from the beginning, and his nobility enables him to resist his murderous thoughts and leave what will be to fate. On the other hand, Lady Macbeth scorns this aspect of her husbands nature for she sees his human kindness as a weakness (which makes him less manly) and even fears this characteristic of his, because she is concerned that he will not be man enough to perform the deed of killing a good, kind and respected King. Therefore, with this section of the play, what constitutes a man and woman differs from Lady Macbeth and Macbeth. Also, the reader must take into consideration that the Elizabethans believed that to kill a king, especially a greatly praised one, was the most evil crime that could ever be committed, for the king was said to be Gods representative on Earth, hence this horrid deed would be seen as a crime against general good and heaven. Lady Macbeth does not seem to be associated with this theory for she has a willingness to commit evil. This aspect of her character is particularly evident after she has read her husbands letter, when she cries unsex me here declares that she wants to loose all her femininity and calls upon the evil spirits to make thick my blood with direst cruelty. This deals with the theme in the beginning of the play of the roles of both sexes, because women, in the Elizabethan times, were sees as, or supposed to be, pure and innocent, which makes Lady Macbeths character unique. Also, the language that Shakespeare uses here emphasizes how Lady Macbeth lacks in morality compared to Macbeth. Words such as blood, demonstrates her scheming wickedness, but also how she would willingly sacrifice her own soul to the devil in the dunnest smoke of hell (for during the Shakespearian time, heaven and hell were very prominent in peoples beliefs). In fact, the way that Lady Macbeth calls upon the evil spirits shows a sense of power and control, whereas Macbeth is, to some extent, more susceptible to the evil spirits and how he is easily influenced and impressionable of them. What is very interesting to notice is how Shakespeare subtly links Lady Macbeths and Macbeths attitude to the witches and the evil spirits. From the first meeting with the witches, Macbeth is instantly affected by them, as commented upon by Banquo: Why do you start, and seem to fear This gives the audience a sort of clue to Macbeths susceptibility to the supernatural, as reiterated in his letter to his wife when he declares that he stood rapt in the wonder of it. The letter is relevant, because it is key to what Macbeth was thinking during his encounter with the witches and provides extra information to the audience of what he felt at that time. Also, the word rapt emphasizes how Macbeth feels as though he is surrounded now by the prophesies and the audience knows as the play proceeds, Macbeth relies more and more on the fallibility of the witches and the prophesy of his kingship and how that is all that he thinks about. This certain susceptibility is particularly noticeable, when he is hallucinating of the fatal vision of the dagger, which portrays how much the supernatural occupies his mind. He had already begun the path of destruction and self destruction, when he uttered the word murder, and it is upon this meeting with witchcraft that this idea entered his mind. Macbeth allows the witches to influence his thoughts and actions, and this demonstrates his moral weakness. Therefore, Macbeth is rather superstitious regarding his attitude towards the prophesies (which reflects the purpose of the play, because King James I was extremely interested in the subject) and can be easily wavered by the witches, as opposed to Lady Macbeths uncompromising will, and, unlike her husband, the idea of murder remains fixed in her mind. She is not necessarily influenced by anything once it is there, she is determined to make it happen rather than leave it to fate. In fact, it can be argued that once Lady Macbeth has read the letter from Macbeth, and hence the idea of murder, the evil in her subconscious has been brought forth. She perceives the witches in a rather lighter hearted manner than her husband for she believes in giving fate and metaphysical aid a helping hand in order to have thee crownd withal. Perhaps it could be considered that the animal imagery, which Shakespeare often uses in Lady Macbeths speech, such as the raven and the serpent shows how Lady Macbeth would more likely disturb fate and bring about natures mischief, than her husband, for in Shakespeares plays, animals were used, because they disturb fate and therefore are often quite symbolic within the plot. The two Macbeths reactions to the murder are also very contrasting from each other and this contrast in significant to their character analysis. Macbeth realizes the enormity of this offence immediately. this my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red. Macbeth is aware that no matter how much he washes his hands from Duncans murder, the sin will never be cleansed. This fits in with the religious aspect of the play, because there is a lot of emphasis on good versus evil and the washing away his sins is an example of this. Also, due to his vaulting ambition, he is filled with remorse, and left with guilt conscience knowing that he will sleep no more. The language that Shakespeare presents is particularly important for it shows how much it has wounded Macbeths conscience, for such hyperboles as multitudinous and incarnadine impress the audience for they sound magnificently cast and thus portray how much this ill affect the once valiant Macbeth. The way that Shakespeare follows this with short simpler words also adds emphasis on the previous Latin expressions. Another insight into how Macbeth feels about the murder is when he tells Lady Macbeth about how he could not say Amen after Donalbain and his wife say their prayers. This again torments Macbeth as he struggles with the strain of his conscience and it is this spiritual conflict in the inner character that is Macbeths tragedy. In fact, it is his conscience that Shakespeare enables the audience to relate with, and the fact that Macbeth knows that he has performed wrong and the audience is aware that he once was, adds to their sympathy for him throughout the play. However, Lady Macbeth fails to appreciate what murder means, its consequences, the severances of it and does not posses such conscience as her husband. This can be seen in how after Duncans murder, Macbeth uses more flowery language, whereas Lady Macbeths language is a lot more straight forward and practical, which fits in with theme of the sexes and how Shakespeare stresses that their roles have changed. Macbeth: Balm of hurt minds, great natures second course, chief nourisher in lifes feast. Lady Macbeth: You do unbend your noble strength, to think so brainsickly of things. The main difference between their speech in this section of the play (Act 2, Scene 2) is how Shakespeare makes Macbeths language have more imagery, personification and metaphors, contrasting to Lady Macbeths, which is practical and straightforward, reflecting her lack of guilt. The play Macbeth is not only unique to other Shakespeares works, but also in the Elizabethan period. What characterizes the plays uniqueness is how the supposed villain is also the protagonist of the play as well. The two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are actually the antagonist, but also the centre. Therefore, Macbeth is a play that harbours sympathy for evilness unlike any other, in a way, almost justifying it. This is also very effective of the part of Shakespeare, because it makes the plot more complex, interesting and mind-boggling than any other traditional play or story where it is the main characters representing good and fighting the evil. In this theatrical piece, it is the main characters that are the ones fighting and coping with the inner evil within themselves.

Essay examples --

People use and rely on the Internet is so many ways today; it is difficult to imagine what life was like when it did not exist. The emergence of the Internet has impacted the world in many ways including eliminating a student’s need to visit a library, possibly costing people a job when searching for employment, providing a lack or privacy, creating a new method of communication, presenting new ways to commit a crime, and even an easier way to spend more money on items many people do not really need. Our world has changed drastically since the creation of the Internet, and over time as technology advances, it is going to be amazing to see what else society will be able to do. The Internet has brought an end to students’ need to go to the library and do research for school. Entering college I was always worried about my first research paper for English because I never went to the library and did actual intense research. But once I received the first research assignment, I soon realized I still did not need to take trips to the library unless I am having trouble using the website provided by Drexel to find useful sources. It is unfortunate that most students do not know how to do research in a library when not that long ago, books were the only way to find information. The Internet is beneficial in many ways but there are also some negative aspects that many people fail to realize before it is too late and cost them a job. Due to the increased use of the Internet and social media, people’s lives have been impacted due to the information being posted. People now have to be aware of what they post onto the web because once it is posted; it is on the web forever. Employers even look at employee candidates social media page to see if t... ... that allows people to download free music, not much is being accomplished because a new website is created the next day to do the same thing. Not only does the Internet make it easier to do research for a project but it also makes shopping faster and more efficient. The ability to buy almost anything online has reduced the amount of people that actually leave their house to buy things. If Black Friday was not enough for people to go crazy and spend money, Cyber Monday was created for those who still had money left to receive great deals from the comfort of their own home without waiting in any ridiculous lines. There are both positive and negative results to the Internet, but as long as people are responsible, it can be a great tool in almost any aspect of life. It will truly be amazing to see what other advances technology will create in just the next few years.

Democratizing American Education Essay

For years, the American education system has been plagued with criticism. In 1983, for instance, a report entitled â€Å"A Nation At Risk† from the National Commission on Excellence in Education warned that â€Å"the educational foundations of our society are presently being eroded by a rising tide of mediocrity that threatens our very future as a Nation and a people. † (p. 4) Two decades later, America’s public schools have barely made progress in addressing the problems posed by the NCEP report. This is evidenced by the continued inability of most schools to produce students who are mathematically and linguistically competitive enough for the demands of the American labor market. (Du Pont, 2003) Likewise, the rapid increase in immigrant population has brought the problems of the American educational system to the fore by heightening the impact of the socio-economic divide on individuals’ access to quality education. In â€Å"Lives on the Boundary,† author and educator Mike Rose (2008) describes how the changing landscape of America is pushing the need for reforms in the educational system in order to adapt to the diverse realities of a multi-cultural American background. However, Rose also contends that some proposals being advanced supposedly to democratize education, may actually increase rather than narrow down the gap between the rich and the poor, and further exclude the people who have been historically marginalized both literally and figuratively from the sphere of learning and education. (as cited in Lunsford and Ruszkiewicz, 2008, p. 99) One finds it difficult to disagree with Rose’ doubts about the ability of the proposal to return to what he calls the canonical tradition in the university and in American education in general, to turn the quality of American education around. Rose shows the problems of the proposal to return to what he calls the canonical tradition of teaching by presenting the realities of three immigrant students and an African-American student, individuals with vastly differing cultural backgrounds from the predominantly white, middle-class America. In this situation, it is doubtful that canonical teaching would be able to address the increasing need for student learning that is based not only on literacy but also the unique needs of the students for social inclusion and empowerment. Rose argues, for instance, that the obsession among influential educators and policymakers to â€Å"define achievement and excellence in terms of the acquisition of a historically validated body of knowledge† (as cited in Lunsford and Ruszkiewicz, 2008, p. 98) tend to push the marginalized more deeply into the margins rather than brings them into the social fabrics of American society. Indeed, despite the democratic trapping that has been thrown over efforts to establish uniform standards and benchmarks of learning, at the heart of the canonical tradition is the tendency to homogenize student thinking and learning. The superficial commitment to democratizing education is illustrated in the way that America’s education leaders pay lip service to democratic ideals while continuing to deny the rich cultural diversity and the individuality of each student in terms of his or her learning needs. One of the educators that Rose mentions is Paulo Freire, who acknowledged that real education must be relevant to the lives of the masses if is to have any meaning at all. In this sense, a return to an education that is based on the â€Å"Great Books† or â€Å"the canons† would be tantamount to regression. Such proposals also inevitably dilute public debate and understanding of the structural flaws of the American education system through its naive and myopic assumption that the failures of American education are caused by a failure in instructional methods alone. However, scholars have pointed out that the deterioration of the American educational system is pedagogical in nature. Smith, et. al. (2004) contend, for instance, that the decay in American education arises from the â€Å"increased influence of corporations† (p. 193) on educational policy. Consequently, the leaders of the American educational system suffer from a simplistic view of education in which it is seen as a nothing more than a means of training the next generation of workers, cogs in the great American industrial empire, in order to sustain America’s supremacy over the world. The United States’ alarm at the increasing â€Å"mediocrity† of American schools was rooted more in its economic concerns as the world’s economic giant rather than concerns for cultivating a better American society based on American values and ideals. Clearly, the continuing failure of the current system of education points only to its inability to provide students with the best learning opportunities; and the best learning opportunities are necessarily the ones in which they feel have connection to their realities, which have relevance in their lives and in their struggles for a sense of identity and belonging. In this aspect, the very benchmark used to measure student learning in American schools must be questioned and examined based on how these are used to tailor students based on the mold of the ideal worker and punish students who cannot cope with such corporatist educational standards because they learn differently or they have trouble understanding the new culture they are in. Even the word â€Å"mediocrity† or the label â€Å"inferior† carries with it the bias of class, race, and gender. Clearly, these labels are usually attached to individuals or groups who are impoverished and who cannot conform to the ideal of white supremacy and strength. Thus, meaningful education must â€Å"consider the context in which it occurs,† (Rose, as cited in Lunsford and Ruszkiewicz, 2008, p. 101) More importantly, appreciating the nature of literacy necessitates an understanding of how it can be used as a tool for empowering the marginalized, the uprooted, and the disenfranchised on the basis of social inclusion and identity formation. In this sense, standardized tests and benchmarks can never really measure what students learn. Instead, educators should create and utilize learning benchmarks that are based on the concrete learning needs and interests of students. Thus, Rose’ discussion of the continuing marginalization of the immigrant and â€Å"cultural minorities† in the field of education reflects the social inequities which underlie the problem of American education. Further, the author’s criticism of the additional threats posed by moves for canonical-oriented reforms shows how the educational problem lies in the general philosophical problem of the meaning and relevance of education for every citizen. In the efforts to institute reforms that would democratize and enhance access to American education, there is nothing more defeating than the assumption that a single American experience exists to which the entire American society can relate to. Another faulty assumption is that every single American student can be taught to behave and to think based on the ideal male, white, and middle-class American. It is this multi-dimensional nature of America that the leaders of the American educational system have time and again failed to acknowledge. It is this failure by American leaders to come to grips with the diverse nature of American reality that is the real cause of the growing mediocrity in American schools. Works Cited: Du Pont, P. (2003). Two decades of mediocrity. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 30, 2008 from http://www. opinionjournal. com/columnists/pdupont/? id=110003445 National Commission on Excellence in Education (1983). A nation at risk: imperatives for educational reform. Retrieved July 30, 2008 from http://www. ed. gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/risk. html Rose, M. (2008). Lives on the Boundary. In Lunsford, A. and Ruszkiewicz, J. (Eds. ) The presence of others: Voices that call for response, (p. 90-103). New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s. Smith, M. L. , Fey, P. , Miller-Kahn, L. , Heinecke, W. , & P. F. Jarvis (2004). Political Spectacle and the Fate of American Schools. United States: Routledge.

Frankenstein and 2001 Comparison

Emotion and Human Destruction In both 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein, man tries to create something more advanced than mankind. But, even though they are more advanced, they are less developed. The creations in both of these works have one major flaw, and that is that they cannot control their emotions. The creation called HAL 9000 in 2001 is a supercomputer designed to learn at incredible speed and calculate thousands of important facets on the voyage of Discovery.The monster in Frankenstein created by Victor Frankenstein also had the capability to learn at incredible speeds, had superhuman abilities, and became so smart that he could have rivaled his creator. However, neither HAL nor the monster had the mental capacity to control the amount of power their creators had given them. This becomes the main conflict in both of these works. From the emotional decay of these powerful creatures, we come to an ambiguous conclusion: Emotions will always lea d to the destruction of humanity.Happiness is one of many human emotions. Oftentimes, life events stimulate how happy we become. Furthermore, the need to find happiness and overcome obstacles is a need all humans have. There are a certain number of attributes that acute for a humans overall happiness. To name a few, things like living conditions, overall health, wealth, and relationships with other humans. The monster in Frankenstein had none of these things. He quotes, â€Å"Here then I retreated, and lay down happy to have found a shelter, however miserable, from the inclemency of the season. (Shelly 94). And later it quotes, â€Å"I possessed no  money, no friends, and no kind of property. † (Shelly 101) The monster had terrible living conditions; his diet consisted of nuts and berries, he had no money, and he had no friends. This led the monster to be extremely unhappy. And when humans are unhappy, they become jealous of others happiness. With happiness come jealously, an emotion we all pretend we never experience. But, when a human sees someone who is happier than they are, they instantly become jealous.They want what that person has, and they will do anything to get it. The monster is a pure example of this . He quotes, â€Å"†I lay on my straw, but I could not sleep. I thought of the occurrences of the day. What chiefly struck me was the gentle manners of these people; and I longed to join them, but dared not. † (Shelley 93) The monster wanted human companionship, but he felt the humans would not accept him since he was ugly. This is why he talked to DeLacey first. DeLacey was blind, and could not discriminate against him.The monster basically pleads for acceptance quoting, â€Å"This, I thought, was the moment of decision, which was to rob me of, or bestow happiness on me forever†¦I sank on the chair, and sobbed aloud†¦`Now is the time! –save and protect me! You and your family are the friends whom I seek. Do no t desert me in my hour of trial! ‘† (Shelly 111) When the rest of the family came in, Agatha fainted, Sophie ran, and Felix beat him with a stick. This robbed him of his chance to be happy. He was jealous of the fact that every human could have friendly interactions, but he was doomed to loneliness forever.The monster now realized he could never be happy. This enraged him, and hatred became his fueling emotion! Hatred is the most prevailing emotion. It consumes people and turns them into the violent human beings who they actually are. The monster cursed the human race, and vowed revenge quoting, â€Å"My feelings were those of rage and revenge. I could with pleasure have destroyed the cottage and its inhabitants and have glutted myself with their shrieks and misery. (Shelly 113) The monster did in fact get his revenge. He hated the fact that Victor had close friends and loved ones, yet he had nothing.This made the monster turn to violence, and he killed everyone close t o Victor. 2001’s creation, HAL, has a different emotion which leads to his downfall. That is the emotion of pride. You see, pride is a feeling of pleasure from one’s own achievements. HAL was very prideful. You can glimpse it from this shot conversation HAL has during an interview: INTERVIEWER: HAL, you have an enormous responsibility on this mission. You're the brain, and central nervous system of the ship, and your responsibilities include watching over the men in hibernation.Does this ever cause you any lack of confidence? HAL: Let me put it this way, Mr. Amor. The 9000 series is the most reliable computer ever made. No 9000 computer has ever made a mistake or distorted information. We are all, by any practical definition of the words, foolproof and incapable of error. Here, HAL takes pride in the fact that his 9000 series model has never made an error. But when HAL predicts a communication relay to go down, a 9000 computer on Earth says HAL is wrong with his predic tion.HAL quickly disbands this as human error, since HAL now sees himself as better than human. HAL also thinks that he is better capable to carry out the mission than anybody onboard. When HAL hears he may be disconnected, he goes berserk and kills everyone onboard until David Bowman shuts hit down. HAL’s downfall was because he had too much pride. We see this in the modern world all the time; people thinking they are better than others because of their achievements. In the pursuit of happiness, somewhere along the way, people will become jealous of others.They will want something someone else has, and they may not be able to get it. This in turn will cause them to hate or resent that person. They may lash out against them with words, or like the monster, will do whatever they can to strip that person of their happiness. But suppose you do become happy and rise to the top? The people in power almost always become prideful and abuse that power. Take dictatorships for example. They end up abusing their power, and think they are better than others. Ultimately, emotion is humanities greatest weakness.

Federalist Number 18 essays

Federalist Number 18 essays I agree with Madison and Hamilton on federalist paper number eighteen. The main point of the paper is to stress, that if the thirteen colonies dont have some sort of laws amongst themselves they will never survive without fighting each other. Congress is unable to control all thirteen colonies and keep them from fighting. In the paper he compares the present day Confederation of the United States to that of ancient Greeces Amphictyonic council. The amphictyonic council of Greece had general authority to propose and resolve whatever it though necessary for the common welfare to Greece; decide to declare and carry on war; to decide all controversies between its members; to fine the aggressing party; to employ the whole force of the confederacy against the disobedient; and to admit new members. This seemed to work for some short time. This only lasted until the powers, much like those of todays congress were administered. This led to the destruction of the confederacy. After this separate members began to take over and run for several years. These members never stuck together in any situation. Even in the middle of wars they didnt pull together to help or support each other. They instead began tot urn on each other. The powerful members became jealous of each others powers and ambition, there were some members that didnt take part at all, and the smaller members were too weak to help out in any situation. The Achaean league was another society of Grecian Republics formed. This league was somewhat better than the ones before it. The union was far more intimate and its organization was much wiser. They had a senate who they assigned jobs too much like the present congress. It came to a point where one person was left in charge of the whole union and this did not work out. As you can see all of these methods failed. Much like those of today. If we do not have a strong central agency to pul...

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) Essay - 2

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) - Essay Example This paper studies the ITIL framework and comes to the conclusion that this body of knowledge is extremely useful for all organizations in the above mentioned areas. Introduction: The role of information technology (IT) in today’s world is of extreme importance for the smooth running of businesses and other organizations. It can be said the there is practically no field that is not touched by IT, whether it is in manufacturing, services, defense, and even governance. The main reasons for this heavy dependence on this technology are the complexity of operations and also due to the adaptability of IT systems in fitting into every conceivable area of activity. In such a scenario, it was seen as a necessity to standardize IT management concepts and also to formulate a set of best practices that can serve as a comprehensive guideline to IT based organizations. In the UK, this concept was materialized by the formation of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) during the 1980s. Many governments and organizations around the world have now accepted the guidelines as industry standard over the years. The purpose of this study is to establish wh ether ITIL provides the best practice guidelines for IT service management. The three points that will be used to establish the above is given here. The first is that the ITIL does provide comprehensive guidelines and framework for efficient information technology management. The second point is that the program can be incorporated into an IT management system either in its entirety or in part. The third point is that the program can be customized to suit the requirements of each individual organization. Comprehensive guidelines and ITIL: In order to understand whether the Library does provide comprehensive guidelines it is necessary to have a detailed overview of

Organisational and Stakeholder Ethical Considerations Living under a Case Study

Organisational and Stakeholder Ethical Considerations Living under a Cloud - Case Study Example Ethical Organisational Culture Approach One of the approaches to analyse the case is through ethical organisation culture. Alvesson (2002, pp. 4) states that organisational culture refers to those shared rules that guide cognitive and behavioural aspects of membership to an organisation and the avenues through which they are developed and expressed hence a system of shared symbols and meanings. Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell (2010, pp. 17) state that the concept of ethical culture in an organisation means the values and norms that an organisation puts forward as appropriate conduct to guide its employees in decision making process in determining whether their response to ethical issues is right or wrong. In this approach, the formal and informal efforts developed by an organisation to guide its operations in respect to being ethical are analysed. The organisation under study here is Xstrata which we can establish that it has in the first place failed to tame its mining process emissi ons that have the potential of causing lead-poisoning to the surrounding community; â€Å"Homes, gardens and waterways have been contaminated, and a recent study found that more than one-tenth of young children have high levels of lead in their blood† (Marks 2009). ... Body, another resident, indicates that the firm has also failed to take responsibility of the poisoning claiming that the natural environment is the source. As Trevino and Nelson (2010, pp. 157) indicate it is the responsibility of the top management to guide organisations in the direction of ethical culture, something that is largely missing in Xstrata. Instead the management strives to shun ethics hence the rest of the firm follows suit (158). The leadership at Xstrata can be regarded as unethical since their cover-up actions and lack of responsibility indicate weakness in morality (161). This analysis indicates that the top management at Xstrata has failed to pursue ethical leadership; in one situation, an employee whose views on the source of lead pollution is contradictory to theirs, they let the interviewer know that the employee is presenting his personal views rather than what the firm stands for hence showing unethical leadership which is mutually exclusive with ethical orga nisational culture. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and stakeholder theories Approach Examining the CSR issues in Xstrata’s case is another way of analysing the case. Bueble (2009, pp. 5) is of the view that CSR refers to the strategy through which organisations achieve their commercial objectives in a manner that takes into consideration ethical values and respects individuals, communities and the environment. The stakeholder theory is a concept in CSR that maintains that organisations have responsibility and obligation towards constituent groups within the society (groups that may benefit or be harmed by organisational operations) other than